5-HTP (Griffonia Simplicifolia)

A chemical by-product of the protein building block L-tryptophan. It is also produced commercially from the seeds of an African plant (Griffonia simplicfolia). The body automatically produces 5-HTP from tryptophan (an essential amino acid) and converts it to an important brain and mood-enhancing chemical known as serotonin – a chemical that has been found to be responsible for mood, hunger and sleep.

Possibly Effective For...

• Depression
• Fibromyalgia

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Acai Fruit Extract

Acai extract comes the acai berry. It is believed that acai berry has 10 times the antioxidant power of red grapes, 30 times the anthocyanins of red wine, and double the antioxidant power of blueberries. It is widely used for anti-aging, weight loss and colon cleanse.

Acesulfame Potassium

Acesulfame potassium is a calorie free artificial sweetener approximately 200 times as sweet as table sugar.

Amylase

Amylase is an enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of starch into sugars. It is present in human saliva, where it begins the chemical process of digestion.

Blue #1

Blue #1 is a commonly used food dye.

Caffeine

Caffeine is a chemical. Caffeine containing products include: coffee, tea, cola, guarana, mate, and other sources.

Effective For...

• Treating headache, including migraine and headache following surgery.

Likely Effective For...

• Mental alertness

Possibly Effective For...

• Improving athletic performance
• Preventing dizziness on standing up (orthostatic hypotension) in older people
• Delaying the onset of Parkinson's disease
• Asthma
• Preventing type 2 diabetes when consumed from coffee or tea
• Breathing problems in infants
• Preventing gallstones
• Weight loss when given with other drugs
• Headache after epidural anesthesia

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Carbohydrate

Carbohydrates are mainly sugars and starches, together constituting one of the three principal types of nutrients used as energy sources (calories) by the body.

Carbohydrates come in simple forms such as sugars and in complex forms such as starches and fiber. The body breaks down most sugars and starches into glucose, a simple sugar that the body can use to feed its cells. Complex carbohydrates are derived from plants. Dietary intake of complex carbohydrates can lower blood cholesterol when they are substituted for saturated fat.

Cellulase

Cellulase enzymes digest cellulose fiber and aid in malabsorbtion. Cellulase enzymes are present in intestinal bacterial and break cellulose fiber down to beta-glucose or blood sugar.

Chamomile Flower Extract

Chamomile is an herb that is widely recognized for its calming effects.

Chromium (ChromeMate® - Chromium Polynicotinate)

Chromium is a metal. It is called an "essential trace element" because very small amounts of chromium are necessary for human health.

Likely Effective For...

• Preventing chromium deficiency

Possibly Effective For...

• Type 2 diabetes

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Cellulase

Cellulase enzymes digest cellulose fiber and aid in malabsorbtion. Cellulase enzymes are present in intestinal bacterial and break cellulose fiber down to beta-glucose or blood sugar.

Citric Acid

Citric acid is an organic acid that can be found in a variety of fruits and vegetables, most notably citrus fruits like lemons and limes. It is a natural preservative/conservative and is also used to add an acidic, or sour taste to some foods and soft drinks.

Ester Gum

Ester bum is a food additive used as an emulsifier and stabilizer to keep oils in suspension in water.

Folic Acid

Folic acid is a water-soluble vitamin that is often added to cold cereals, flour, breads, pasta, bakery items, cookies, and crackers. Some foods that are naturally high in folic acid include spinach, okra, asparagus, beans, beef liver, and orange and tomato juice.

Effective For...

• Treating and preventing folic acid deficiency

Likely Effective For...

• Kidney problems
• Lowering homocysteine levels in people with kidney disease
• Lowering homocysteine levels ("hyperhomocysteinemia") in people with high amounts of homocysteine in their blood. High levels of homocysteine have been linked to heart disease and stroke
• Reducing harmful effects of a medicine called methotrexate
• Decreasing the risk of certain birth defects when taken by pregnant women

Possibly Effective For...

• Reducing the risk of getting colorectal cancer. Increasing consumption of dietary folate and supplemental folic acid seems to lower the chances of developing colon cancer, but does not seem to help people who already have colon cancer
• Reducing the risk of pancreatic cancer
• Reducing the risk of breast cancer
• Depression, when used with conventional antidepressant medicines
• Treating a skin disease called Vitiligo

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GABA (Gabba-Aminobutyric Acid)

GABA is a amino acid that is made in the brain, and plays a significant role in regulating and relaxing the body’s neurological system. It also plays a key part in helping regulate and sustain muscle tone within the human body.

Possibly Effective For...

• Prevention of panic attacks
• Treatment of PMS symptoms in women
• Use as a sexual stimulant due to its relaxing effects, as it assists with the release of sex hormones

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Garcinia Cambogia

Garcinia Cambogia is a plant native to India, and extract from its fruit and rind containing hydroxycitric acid (HCA) is a popular ingredient in many weight loss products.

Ginkgo Biloba

Ginkgo is an herb. The leaves are generally used to make medicine.

Possibly Effective For...

• Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia
• Improving thinking problems caused by old age
• Improving thinking in young people
• Raynaud's syndrome (a painful response to cold especially in the fingers and toes)
• Leg pain when walking due to poor blood flow (claudication)
• Vertigo and dizziness
• Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
• Improving color vision in people with diabetes
• Treating some kinds of eye diseases (glaucoma and eye damage caused by diabetes)

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Glucuronolactone

Glucuronolactone is a naturally occurring chemical that is an important component of nearly all connective tissues, and is also found in many plant gums.

Gum Acacia

Gum acacia is a natural gum from the acacia tree. It is primarily used in the food industry as a stabilizer.

Hoodia Gordonia Extract (Hoodia Gordonii)

Hoodia Gordonia is a leafless spiny succulent plant that grows naturally in South Africa and Namibia, and has been used for centuries in local medicine.

Possibly Effective For...

• Indigestion
• Fighting small infections
• Suppressing appetite

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Hydroxycitric Acid (HCA) (Super Citrimax®)

Super Citrimax is a patented and all-natural, more effective form of the garcinia cambogia fruit. It’s active component, known as hydroxycitric acid has been clinically proven to promote satiety, suppress appetite and inhibit fat production.

Inositol

Inositol is a vitamin-like substance found in many plants and animals. It can also be made in a laboratory.

Possibly Effective For...

• Panic disorder
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
• An ovary disorder known as "polycystic ovary syndrome"
• Problems breathing in premature infants known as "acute respiratory distress syndrome"
• Psoriasis brought on or made worse by lithium drug therapy

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Lactase

Lactase is any of a group of enzymes found in the small intestine, liver and kidney that catalyze the breakdown of lactose (milk sugar) into the simple sugars glucose and galactose.

Lemon Balm Leaf Extract

Lemon balm is a plant. The leaves are used to make medicine.

Lipase

Lipase is an enzyme that the body uses to break down fats in food so they can be absorbed by the intestines. Lipase is produced by the pancreas but is also in the mouth and stomach.

Possibly Effective For...

• Alzheimer's disease
• Cold sores
• Colic in breast-fed infants
• Improving the quality of sleep, when taken with valerian
• Upset stomach (dyspepsia)

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L-Phenylalanine

Phenylalanine is an amino acid.

Possibly Effective For...

• A skin condition called vitiligo

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L-Theanine

L-Theanine is an amino acid found in green tea.

L-Threonine

L-Threonine is an amino acid.

Possibly Effective For...

• Spinal spasticity
• The production of tooth enamel, and collagen and elastin in the skin
• Aiding in fat metabolism in the liver
• Aiding in digestion
• Encouraging thymus growth

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L-Tryptophan

L-tryptophan is a protein building block that can be found in many plant and animal proteins.

Possibly Effective For...

• Treating premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
• Smoking cessation (helping people quit smoking)

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Malic Acid

Malic acid is a natural substance that is commonly found in fruits and vegetables. Malic acid is also formulated and present naturally in the body’s cells.

Effective For...

• Treatment of pain in tendons, ligaments and muscles due to fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. Treatment of toxic metal buildup

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N-Acetyl-L Tyrosine

N-Acetyl-L Tyrosine is the body’s raw material for making neurotransmitters, melanins and thyroid hormones.

Niacin & Niacinamide

Niacin and niacinamide are forms of Vitamin B3. Vitamin B3 is found in many foods including yeast, meat, fish, milk, eggs, green vegetables, beans, and cereal grains. Niacin and niacinamide are also found in many vitamin B complex supplements with other B vitamins.

Effective For...

• Treatment and prevention of niacin deficiency, and certain conditions related to niacin deficiency such as pellagra
• High cholesterol. Only niacin seems to lower cholesterol, not niacinamide

Possibly Effective For...

• Heart disease, including hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis)
• Reducing the risk of a second heart attack in men with heart or circulatory disorders
• Diarrhea from an infection called cholera
• Diabetes, types 1 and 2
• Prevention of cataracts, an eye condition
• Osteoarthritis
• Alzheimer's disease. People who consume more niacin in foods and from a multivitamin seem to have a lower risk of getting Alzheimer's disease compared to people who consume less niacin. But there is no evidence that taking a niacin supplement is beneficial for preventing Alzheimer's disease

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Panax Ginseng Extract

Panax ginseng is a plant. People use the root to make medicine. Do not confuse Panax ginseng with American Ginseng, Siberian Ginseng, or Panax Pseudoginseng.

Possibly Effective For...

• Thinking and memory
• Diabetes
• Male impotence (erectile dysfunction)

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Pantothenic Acid (vitamin B5, Calcium Pantothenate)

Pantothenic acid is a vitamin, also known as vitamin B5. It is widely found in both plants and animals including meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk.

Effective For...

• Treating or preventing pantothenic acid deficiency

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Passionflower Extract

Passionflower is a plant. The above ground parts are used to make medicine.

Possibly Effective For...

• Anxiety
• Relieving symptoms related to narcotic drug withdrawal, when used in combination with a medication called clonidine
• A psychiatric disorder known as adjustment disorder with anxious mood

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Phenylalanine (L-Phenylalanine)

Phenylalanine is an essential amino acid that you need to get from food. It can be found in beef, poultry, pork, fish, milk, yogurt, eggs, cheese, soy products (including soy protein isolate, soybean flour, and tofu), and certain nuts and seeds. The artificial sweetener aspartame is also high in phenylalanine.

Possibly Effective For...

• Treatment of chronic pain
• Treatment of certain symptom of Parkinson’s disease
• Treatment of a skin condition called Vitiligo

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Pomegranate Extract

Pomegranate is a tree. Various parts of the tree and fruit are used to make medicine.

Potassium Sorbate

Potassium sorbate is primarily used as a food preservative.

Proteasee

Protease is the digestive enzyme needed to digest protein.

Red #40

Red #40 is a commonly used food dye.

Resveratrol (Trans-Resveratrol)

Resveratrol is found in the skin, seeds and stems of grapes. It can also be found in red wine, peanuts and some berries. Resveratrol is believed to be a partial explanation for the French paradox, the fact that people in France enjoy a high-fat diet, yet suffer less heart disease than Americans.

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)

Riboflavin is a B vitamin. It can be found in certain foods such as milk, meat, eggs, nuts, enriched flour, and green vegetables.

Effective For...

• Treating and preventing riboflavin deficiency and conditions related to riboflavin deficiency

Possibly Effective For...

• Preventing migraine headaches
• Preventing cataracts, an eye disorder

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Sodium Benzoate

Sodium benzoate is primarily used as a food preservative.

Sodium (Sodium Citrate)

Sodium citrate is chiefly used as a food additive, usually for flavor or as a preservative.

Sucralose

Sucralose is an artificial sweetener approximately 600 times as sweet as table sugar.

Taurine

Taurine is an amino acid that your body naturally produces. It can also be found in breast-milk, meat and fish. It helps regulate heartbeat, muscle contractions, and energy levels. Usually your body makes enough that you don’t need to supplement. It’s thought, but not proven, that under “stress conditions” like illness, physical exertion, or injury, the body does not create enough and supplements can help.

Possibly Effective For...

• Congestive heart failure (CHF)
• Inflammation of the liver (hepatitis)

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Valerian Root

Valerian is a hardy perennial flowering plant that has been used as a medicinal herb since the time of ancient Greece and Rome.

Possibly Effective For...

• Relieving anxiety, restlessness, insomnia, mental strain, lack of concentration, excitability, and stress
• Treatment of chronic headaches or migraines
• Alleviating nervous stomach cramps
• Treatment of bladder control issues
• Treatment of chronic pain
• Treatment of the symptoms associated with menopause; and the discomfort, and emotional distress, which may occur with menstruation

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Vitamin A (Retinyl Palmitate)

Vitamin A is a vitamin found in many fruits, vegetables, eggs, whole milk, butter, fortified margarine, meat, and oily saltwater fish. It can also be made in a laboratory.

Effective For...

• Treatment and prevention of vitamin A deficiency
• Treatment of chronic headaches or migraines
• Alleviating nervous stomach cramps
• Treatment of bladder control issues
• Treatment of chronic pain
• Treatment of the symptoms associated with menopause; and the discomfort, and emotional distress, which may occur with menstruation

Possibly Effective For...

• Reducing complications of diseases such as malaria, HIV, measles, and diarrhea in children with vitamin A deficiency
• Reducing problems during pregnancy and after giving birth in underfed (malnourished) women.
• Alleviating nervous stomach cramps
• Treatment of Breast cancer
• Prevention of cataracts
• Improving recovery from laser eye surgery when used in combination with vitamin E

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Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine HCL)

Pyridoxine is a vitamin. It can be found in certain foods such as cereals, beans, vegetables, liver, meat, and eggs. It can also be made in a laboratory.

Effective For...

• Treatment and prevention of pyridoxine deficiency
• Treating a type of anemia called sideroblastic anemia
• Treating some types of seizures in infants

Possibly Effective For...

• Reducing elevated blood levels of homocysteine, a substance thought to be involved in heart disease
• Upset stomach and vomiting in pregnancy
• Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
• Behavior disorders in children with low levels of serotonin
• Kidney stones
• Movement disorders (tardive dyskinesia) in people taking medicines for mental disorders
• Reducing lung cancer risk in men who smoke

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Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)

Vitamin B12 is a vitamin. It can be found in foods such as meat, fish, and dairy products. It can also be made in a laboratory.

Effective For...

• Treatment and prevention of vitamin B12 deficiency, and diseases caused by low vitamin B12 levels

Possibly Effective For...

• Reducing a condition related to heart disease called "hyperhomocysteinemia" when taken with folic acid and vitamin B6

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Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol)

Vitamin D is a vitamin found in small amounts in many foods such as dairy products, cereals with vitamin D added, and fish. However, skin exposure to the sun provides as much as 80 to 90% of the body's vitamin D. Vitamin D can also be made in the laboratory as medicine.

Effective For...

• Treating conditions that cause weak and painful bones (osteomalacia)
• Low levels of phosphate in the blood (familial hypophosphatemia)
• Low levels of phosphate in the blood due to a disease called Fanconi syndrome
• Psoriasis (with a specialized prescription-only form of vitamin D)
• Low blood calcium levels because of a low parathyroid thyroid hormone levels
• Helps prevent low calcium and bone loss (renal osteodystrophy) in people with kidney failure
• Rickets

Likely Effective For...

• Reducing bone loss in people taking drugs called corticosteroids
• Low levels of phosphate in the blood (familial hypophosphatemia)
• Treating osteoporosis (weak bones). Taking a specific form of vitamin D called cholecalciferol, or vitamin D3, along with calcium seems to help prevent bone loss and bone fractures
• Preventing falls in older people

Possilby Effective For...

• Reducing the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS)
• Reducing the risk of rheumatoid arthritis in older women
• Bone loss in women with a condition called hyperparathyroidism
• Cancer. Some research shows that people who take a high-dose vitamin D supplement plus calcium might have a lower chance of developing cancer of any type
• Tooth retention
• Weight loss

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Vitamin E (DL-Alpha Totopheryl Acetate)

Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin found in many foods including vegetable oils, cereals, meat, poultry, eggs, fruits, vegetables, and wheat germ oil.

Effective For...

• Treatment of Vitamin E deficiency
• Low levels of phosphate in the blood (familial hypophosphatemia)
• Low levels of phosphate in the blood due to a disease called Fanconi syndrome
• Psoriasis (with a specialized prescription-only form of vitamin D)
• Low blood calcium levels because of a low parathyroid thyroid hormone levels
• Helps prevent low calcium and bone loss (renal osteodystrophy) in people with kidney failure
• Rickets

Possilby Effective For...

• Movement disorders called tardive dyskinesia and dyspraxia
• Reducing the chance of dying from bladder cancer
• Alzheimer's disease. Vitamin E might slow down the worsening of memory loss in people with moderately severe Alzheimer's disease. But vitamin E does not seem to prevent progression from mild memory problems to full-blown Alzheimer's disease
• A type of arthritis called rheumatoid arthritis. Taking vitamin E pills with regular treatment seems to help reduce pain
• Male infertility
• Painful menstruation in teenage girls (dysmenorrhea). Taking vitamin E 2 days before and for 3 days after bleeding begins seems to decrease pain severity and duration, and reduce menstrual blood loss
• High blood pressure during pregnancy (pre-eclampsia)
• Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
• Preventing Parkinson's disease
• Helping to treat kidney problems in children (glomerulosclerosis)
• Helping to treat an inherited disorder called G6PD deficiency
• Beta-thalassemia
• Chemotherapy-related nerve damage. Taking vitamin E before and after treatment with cisplatin chemotherapy might reduce the chance of getting nerve damage
• Preventing dementia in old age
• Healing a type of skin sore called granuloma annulare when put on the skin
• Improving vision in people with an eye disorder called uveitis
• Decreasing sunburn
• Reducing the symptoms of a disease called Huntington's chorea
• Helping the eyes heal after surgery
• Treating a type of eye disease in newborns called retrolental fibroplasia
• Decreasing brain and heart bleeding in premature babies
• Helping some heart medications called "nitrates" work better
• Treating an eye disease called AMD (age-related macular degeneration) when used with other medicines
• Improving physical performance and strength in the elderly
• Fibrosis caused by radiation

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White Willow Bark Extract

White willow bark extract is derived from the bark of the white willow tree. The bark is commonly used to make medicine.

Possibly Effective For...

• Treating lower back pain.

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